Top 50 Jazz Blog

Top 50 Jazz Blog

Tuesday, February 11, 2025

An Interracial Tune a Day (#13): Lucille with The Daisies

Founded in 1921, Cameo Records was an Indie label that used a pool of white musicians, including some Members of the Original Memphis Five to accompany singers. Lucille Hegamin did a number of sessions with them for Cameo.
Lucille Hegamin
 
Original Memphis Five
The early to mid-20's were kind of a boom period for black female blues/vaudeville singers and the powerful Hegamin fell squarely in that category. The band that Cameo called the Dixie Daisies were not particularly adventurous, but they understood the New Orleans-cum-New York style and provided good backup. 

"Alabamy Bound" is the jazziest of the three tunes from that date.

Lucille Hegamin acc by The Dixie Daisies. New York, c. early February 1925.

  • Alabamy bound- Cameo 701;
  • Hot tamale Molly- Cameo 723;
  • Every time I pick a sweetie- Cameo 701;





Monday, February 10, 2025

Interracial Sessions (#12): James P., Smeck (?) and Robertson

Today's entry is a bit controversial. This is a group put together by composer, pianist, musical entrepreneur Clarence Williams. There's no doubt that he used a white singer-Dick Robertson. There is a question whether or not the guitar/banjoist is Roy Smeck, also white. It may be Jimmy McLin. 

Clarence Williams

Roy Smeck

Robertson was on inumerable sessions during this era, many of which were black groups with him on vocals. Even if Roy Smeck was not on this session, he was on many other interracial recordings. As early as 1924, Smeck recorded with black musicians under the name of Alabama Joe. 

The discography lists Smeck as playing guitar and steel guitar (stg), but I hear the musician playing guitar and banjo.

"Jimmy Had a Nickel" has a slightly "older" feel for 1934 jazz. There's washtub a la jugband, and it's a two-beat with a heavy tuba line, but it still swings. Allen plays nice cornet lead and a short muted solo, James P. Johnson rocks on piano and Scott plays a wailing solo on clarinet.

Clarence Williams and His Orchestra: Ed Allen, c / Cecil Scott, cl / James P. Johnson, p / Roy Smeck, g, stg / Cyrus St. Clair, bb (tuba) / Floyd Casey, wb (washboard)/ Dick Robertson, Clarence Williams, v, New York, January 17, 1934.

  • Jimmy Had A Nickel– vDR- Voc 2629;
  • He’s A Colonel From Kentucky– vDR- Voc 2629, EBW W-121;
  • Pretty Baby, Is It Yes Or No?– vCW- Voc 2718;
  • Mister, Will You Serenade?– vCW: Voc 2676, Br A-86050




Friday, February 7, 2025

One of the Archetypal Interracial Sessions-Waller and Condon (#11)

For chronology's sake, I wanted to post one of these Feburary sessions: Frank Melrose recording with the Dodds Brothers--but all takes went unissued. Or, a collaboration between singer Ethel Waters and future songwriter Sammy Fain, but I couldn't find any audio online from the sessions.

So, we'll go to March and one of the archetypal late 20's sessions-interracial or not: Fats Waller and His Buddies. 

The way this session came together is a great story. Eddie Condon was actually hired by Victor records to "babysit" Waller, Waller made up the tunes in a taxi on the way to the gig, etc. I tell the story in detail (in Condon's voice) in my book.


Fats Waller and His Buddies: Charlie Gaines (tp) Charlie Irvis (tb) Arville Harris (cl,as), Fats Waller (p) Eddie Condon (bj) New York, March 1, 1929.

  • Handful Of Keys- Vic V-38508, 27768, HMV B-4347, B-4902;
  • The Minor Drag- Vic V-38050, 20-1583, BB B-10185, HMV EA-3265;
  • Harlem Fuss- Vic V-38050, BB B-10185, HMV EA-3713;
  • Numb Fumblin’- Vic V-38508, 25338, HMV B-4347, B-4917;

Although labeled Minor Drag, this is really Harlem Fuss, as Victor mislabeled the sides.

Wednesday, February 5, 2025

An Interracial Tune a Day (#10). The Singular Bill Moore

Irving Mills, whom we've met before, was an early organizer of interracial jazz sessions and a guy who really got around. He was a music publisher, talent scout, vocalist, lyricist and, for a number of years, manager of Duke Ellington. 

Irving Mills


Bill Moore w. the Little Ramblers

In this session, he uses trumpeter Bill Moore. Moore was a light-skinned black man who played in hundreds of recording sessions, as far back as 1923. He was able to "pass" and performed live in white groups many times, most often with the California Ramblers and their many offshoots. He may or may not have been billed as the "Hot Hawaiian."

Moore plays a nice muted solo on "Freshman Hop," followed by Goodman, apparently on alto, then clarinet. Jack Pettis shows his skill on C-Melody sax. At 2'10" I swear I hear a guitarist. Bryson is credited only on banjo, but I think he makes a quick switch to guitar. 

Note that the name on the recording changed, from Musical Clowns, to Ten Black Diamonds, to Jack Pettis and His Orchestra.

Mills’ Musical Clowns: Bill Moore, Phil Hart (tp) Paul Weigan (tb) Benny Goodman(cl) Jack Pettis (c-mel) Al Goering (p) Clay Bryson (bj) Merrill Kline (tu) Dillon Ober (d) New York, c. February 14, 1929.                                                 

  • Freshman hop- Pathe Actuel 37054, Per 15235, Ban 0508, Cam 0108, Ro 1125;
  • Sweetest melody- Pathe Actuel 36955, Per X-6277, 15136, Sunbeam SB107;
  • Bag o’ blues- Pathe Actuel 37054, Per 15235, Biograph LPC1, Epic LN24045;

• Note: All issues from matrix 9103-2 as Ten Black Diamonds; from 108645-2 and 108647-2 as Ten Freshmen; Pathe Actuelle X-6277 as Jack Pettis and his Orchestra.





Tuesday, February 4, 2025

An Interracial Tune a Day (#9)--Mamie Smith, 1920.

Perry Bradford-nicknamed "Mule," was a performer, songwriter, pianist and entrepreneur. He approached Fred Hager, recording director at Okeh records to try and convince him to record Mamie Smith. Bradford told him there were fourteen million Negroes who would buy records made by Negro musicians playing in their indigenous styles.


Hager agreed to record Smith, but miscalculated by backing her with a white in-house group, the Rega Orchestra. On February 14, 1920, that group accompanied Mamie Smith on her recording debut and the record went nowhere. 

On her next session, Hagar agreed to let Smith record with black musicians who knew her music. This August 10 session included Bradford's tune "Harlem Blues," retitled "Crazy Blues." "Crazy Blues" was a runaway hit, selling 75,000 copies during its first two months of release. 

The stage was set for the recording industry to pay closer attention to newer styles of non-minstrel, non-coon, non-ragtime black music. Because a link had already been forged between black composers of those earlier styles of music (including Perry Bradford) and publishing companies, there was a pool of experienced songwriters available for what became known as "race records."

It seems a good idea to play tracks from both sessions. She sounds great on both, but the difference in feel is enormous. First, "You Can't Keep a Good Man Down."

Mamie Smith acc. by Rega Dance Orchestra. New York, 2.14.20
  • That Thing Called Love- Okeh 4296
  • You Can't Keep a Good Man Down-Okeh 4305

Now, the second session.

Mamie Smith and her Jazz Hounds. Johnny Dunn, c / Dope Andrews, tb / Ernest Elliott, cl / Leroy Parker, vn / ? Perry Bradford, p. New York, August 10, 1920.
  • 7529-C Crazy Blues OK / Phonola 4169, Od 311902
  • 7539-B It's Right Here For You (If You Don't Get It, 'Tain't No Fault Of Mine), OK / Phonola 4169



Monday, February 3, 2025

An Interracial Tune a Day (#8)-The Duke and Der Bingle

By 1932, Bing Crosby was already a hit on radio, and was beginning to make his way in Hollywood. Ellington was also a national figure because of his radio broadcasts and had made some short films. 

The Depression caused a major slump in record company sales, which severed relations with about 90% of the musicians on their rosters. Crosby and Ellington were about as sure fire a commercial combination as a record company could hope to put together. 

Duke's soloists stake out their singular territory, Bing does some great scatting at the end and this commercial pairing turns out to be a creative gem.

Duke Ellington and his Famous Orchestra: Duke Ellington, p, a, dir Arthur Whetsel, Freddy Jenkins, Cootie Williams, t / Joe Nanton, tb / Juan Tizol, vtb / Johnny Hodges, cl, ss, as / Harry Carney, cl, as, bar / Barney Bigard, cl, ts / Fred Guy, bj / Wellman Braud, sb/ Sonny Greer, Bing Crosby, v. New York, - February 11, 1932.

•  St. Louis Blues– vBC0: Br 20105, Col 55003, DOX-560, SW-290, Lucky 17005;

•  St. Louis Blues– vBC: Br 20105, 0116, A-5115, 20098 (Italian), Col 55003;

•  A Creole Love Call: Br 20105, 0116, A-5115, Col 55003;

•  Rose Room (In Sunny Roseland): Br 6265, 01292, A-9230, A-500174, Col DO- 1131

Here's Take 2 of St/ Louis Blues, which I slightly prefer over Take One.


All entries are from my book “As Long as They Can Blow. Interracial Jazz Recording and Other Jive Before 1935.”


Sunday, February 2, 2025

An Interracial Tune A Day (#7) An Early Very Mixed Group

Guitar/Banjo player Eddie Condon was one of the key innovators in putting together interracial sessions. He was a big fan of the Charlie Johnson Orchestra, one of the key groups in New York City in the late-20's-early 30's. He drew several members of that black group for this session and combined them with stellar white players.

Charlie Johnson's Paradise Orchestra

Eddie Condon

Trumpeter Leonard Davis is featured on "That’s a serious thing" and Jack Teagarden handles the vocal in his inimitable way. T. also solos on trombone and around 2'10" he plays a line that we will hear years later in "Stormy Weather." I wonder if Harold Arlen knew this track.

Eddie’s Hot Shots: Leonard Davis (tp) Jack Teagarden (tb,vcl) Mezz Mezzrow (c-mel) Happy Caldwell (ts) Joe Sullivan (p) Eddie Condon (bj) George Stafford (d) New York, February 8, 1929

•  I’m Gonna Stomp Mr. Henry Lee (jt vcl)- Vic V38046, Family (It)DP697, VJM (E)VLP55

•  I’m gonna stomp Mr. Henry Lee (jt vcl)- BB B10168, RCA LPV528;

•  That’s a Serious Thing (jt vcl)- BB B10168, Cam CAL383, RCA LPV528;

•  That’s a Serious Thing (jt vcl)- Vic V38046, “X” LX3005, HMV (E)B4987, (Aus)EA2970

On this video we get to hear both takes.

All entries are from my book “As Long as They Can Blow. Interracial Jazz Recording and Other Jive Before 1935.”

Saturday, February 1, 2025

An Interracial Tune a Day (#6)-Goodman and Hawkins

On February 2, 1934, Benny Goodman recorded with Coleman Hawkins. Not much need be said about these two Jazz giants. Before Coleman went to Europe, they played in a session put together by Columbia A&R John Hammond, who was a force for integrated recording sessions and who pushed to get Goodman to use black musicians. In 1935, Goodman played with (black) pianist Teddy Wilson in a trio, then brought in Lionel Hampton. 

We'll hear Georgia Jubilee in a nice arrangement by George Bassman.                          

Benny Goodman: Manny Klein, Charlie Margulis (tp) Sonny Lee (tb) Benny Goodman (cl) Coleman Hawkins (ts) Arthur Schutt (p,arr) Dick McDonough (g) Artie Bernstein(b) Gene Krupa (d) Mildred Bailey (vcl) George Bassman (arr) New York, February 2, 1934.

•  Georgia Jubilee– aAS- Cdl 2907-D, CB-759, Jay 10, JCl 528;

•  Junk Man– vMB- Col 2892-D;

•  Junk Man– vMB- Col 2892-D, CB-730, Tpl / Sentry 4003;

•  Ol’ Pappy- vMB / aGB- Col 2892-D, CB-730;

•  Emaline– vMB- Col 2907-D, CB-759, RZ G-22040, Jay 10, JCl 528




Thursday, January 30, 2025

An Interracial Tune a Day (#5)

There was a lot of recording activity involving black female singers and white musicians in the early 1920's. 

The Original New Orleans Jazz Band

The Original New Orleans Jazz Band followed in the wake of the success of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band (ODJB). It was one of the earliest jazz groups to be recorded and its members, also New Orleans guys, were either white or some degree of creole. Jimmy Durante was an original member of the group but had left by this point.
Lillian Harris

Lillian Harris was a powerful blues-vaudeville shouter.  Bio data about her is thin on the ground and she may or may not be the same person known as Sister Harris, or Estelle Harris.

Lillian Harris. Accomp. by Original New Orleans Jazz Band. Possibly Dick Landon or Ellsworth Evans, c; Andy Russo, tb; Sidney Arodin, cl; Allie Hamned, p; Tony DeRose, d; Lillian Harris, v. New York City, January 1923
  • 5051-2 Four O'Clock Blues (Johnny Dunn and Gus Horsley) Re 9445-B
  • 5051-3 Four O'Clock Blues (Johnny Dunn and Gus Horsley) Ba 1173-B, Re 9445-B
  • 5052-1 Sugar Blues (Clarence Williams) Ba 1173-A, Re 9445-A



Wednesday, January 29, 2025

An Interracial Tune a Day (#4)

I'm transferring my Interracial Tune a Day from my Substack to this blog. I felt that having my subscribers get a notice everyday for a new posting would be a little much. Let's hope the transfer is not too rough. If you're new to this blog, take a look around and please subscribe. There's a lot here. OK, on to business:

Red Allen

Pee Wee Erwin

I have nothing listed in my recording chronology until Feb. 2, so today I'm going back a few days to January 23, 1934- Henry Allen with Pee Wee Erwin.

Red Allen, a fine cornettist from New Orleans, was initially a Louis Armstrong acolyte, but he staked out new territory. His improvisations were more unpredictable and quirky and have even been characterized as avant garde. He was also an excellent vocalist.

Pee Wee Erwin was a powerful trumpeter who made his mark primarily as a lead player. He came from Nebraska and played in territory bands before he moved to NYC and became an anchor in the big bands of Benny Goodman and Tommy Dorsey.

The band's rhythm section (minus Luis Russell) are drawn from from Red Allen's New Orleans cohort.

In "It's Written All Over Your Face," Red has a brief intro, Pee Wee follows with a sedate muted solo, then Red comes in with a fabulous improvisation.

Henry “Red” Allen, t, v / Pee Wee Erwin, t / George Washington, tb / Buster Bailey, cl / Luis Russell, p / Danny Barker, g / Pops Foster, sb / Paul Barbarin, d. New York, January 23, 1935.

•  Believe It, Beloved– vHA- Ban 33337, Mt M-13304, 91940, Or 3087, Per 16071;

•  Believe It, Beloved– vHA- Epic LN-3252 (LP);

•  It’s Written All Over Your Face: Ban 33337, Mt M-13304, 91940, Or 3087;

•  It’s Written All Over Your Face: Mt 91940;

•  Smooth Sailing– vHA- Ban 33355, Mt M-13322, Or 3097, Per 16080;

•  Whose Honey Are You?– vHA- Ban 33355, Cq 8474, Mt M-13322, Or 3097, Per 16080, Ro 2471


All recordings drawn from my book As Long As They Can Blow. Interracial Jazz Recording and Other Jive Before 1935.


Friday, January 3, 2025

A Welcome and a Detour

Thanks very much for finding your way here. Please feel free to look around and check out past posts, of which there are many.

I also hope you will visit my Substack, where I've begun to do my posting. Substack is a great platform that really helps writers find their audience.  

I regularly also publish articles in Artsfuse.org and SyncopatedTimes.org. Great publications, well worth your time.


Sunday, October 13, 2024

The Worst Labels and Jargon in Jazz




Physicists are forced to concede that they can know either the location or the speed of a particle. They can't know both because the very act of looking changes the particle's behavior. 

The way scientists freeze frame electrons is the way categories have been imposed on every art form. In jazz, categorizing is a lazy shorthand that ignores the mutability of the music-and the musicians. Apparently, critics don't have the time to explain that Player X usually plays Standards and tends to improvise melodically, while player Z plays mostly originals, is less concerned with chord changes and more often plays modally. Instead we say this one is a "smooth jazz" player and that one an "avant-garde" player. Seldom does the fact arise that players change over their lifetimes, passing from one category to another-Grover Washington, Jr. and Donald Byrd, for example. 

Unfortunately, labels seem to have an unlimited shelf life. Once coined and adopted, generations of critics fall back on them and they stick like corroded trumpet valves. I grudgingly acknowledge their existence, but am happy to write about a few that particularly irritate me.

Dixieland Jazz. Cramming the music of the likes of Oliver, Keppard and Bechet into one category is ridiculous anyway. But with the relentlessly tenacious mythology of the Gallant South, the word 'Dixieland' grows especially egregious. The popularity of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band (ODJB) probably provided the impetus for its wide use and god knows their racial views were suspect. I know the phrase was taken up by Bechet and other black musicians early on, but if you say to me "Hey, it was good enough for Louis Armstrong to use," I would say it's probably a case of his understanding that on some occasions, using shorthand could make his life a little easier. Promoters of the phrase "Dixieland revival" latched onto a handy marketing device.

Be Bop. I guess it was good for branding purposes, as such catchphrases are in the world of commerce-Coca Cola, Alka Seltzer, Finger Lickin' Good. But the disparity between the serious nature of the music and the phrase attached to it is palpable. An exception can be made for the trickster Dizzy Gillespie, who was as serious as they come, but who knew how to work wordplay into the music (ooh bop she bam, etc.).

Hard Bop. A ludicrous title. There was no harder bop played-in any sense of the word-than that played by Bird, Diz, Fats Navarro and company. If anything, hard bop took its foot off the pedal more often than Bop.

New Testament and Old Testament Basie bands. I haven't found anyone who knows who pinned these labels on the Basie bands pre and after the early 1950's. Why it stuck, I don't know. I'm not saying that jazz is the enemy of the bible-although it certainly has often been seen this way. Let's just say I believe in the separation of church and the jazz estate.

Cool Jazz. First of all, all jazz is cool, no matter how hot it gets. Second of all, this label is used to differentiate East Coast from West Coast jazz, which is ridiculous. A lot of musicians were burning on the West Coast, while Miles, Gil Evans and company were creating the music specifically called Cool in New York City.

Neo Bop, Post-Bop, Neo-Swing. Putting neo- or post- in front of anything demonstrates a chilling lack of imagination. 

These locutions are now, happily, in the Dust Bin of History:

Licorice stick (for a clarinet). In the film "Song of the Thin Man", I actually heard Keenan Wynn refer to the instrument as a Jew Stick.

Skins/Tubs (for drums), Popsickle Stick (a reed player's reed). 

Hot Lick, Oh, Daddio, Real Gone, Wig Out, Solid Sent, Moldy Fig.

Tacking "-ville" on the end of anything, is, like, hicksville, dullsville, squaresville.